Are the Bible’s Chapter Divisions Inspired?

In this file I look at chapter divisions in the Bible that hinder our understanding of the meaning of the text.

See the download.

The Tongue as a Principality and Power in James 3:1-12

The concept of principalities and powers has usually been associated with Pauline writings. This eschatological language has been interpreted as applying to both heavenly spiritual forces as well as concrete cultural manifestations. In this essay I demonstrate how James’ portrayal of the tongue in chapter 3 is very similar to the descriptions of principalities and powers in Paul. Then secondly I explore a background in Jewish wisdom literature. As a result I conclude that James employs the language of wisdom literature and the dual nature of principality and power language to describe the cosmic nature of the tongue. The tongue, therefore, as exhibited in contemporary media and technological speech propaganda must be seen through the lens of the New Testament descriptions of the powers.

25 Messianic Passages Interpreted Differently by Jews and Christians

Preface                                                                                              3-4

Summary of the 25 important Messianic Prophecies                          5-8

The 25 Passages

1. Genesis 3:15 not quoted in the New Testament                                                     9-16                

2. Genesis texts about the Seed or Offspring of Abraham and the Patriarchs      17-19

3. Genesis 49:10-11 (alluded to in Mark 11:2)                                                           20-28

4. Numbers 24:17 (alluded to in Matthew 2:2)                                                          29-33              

5. Deuteronomy 18:15 a prophet like Moses in Acts 3:22-23; 7:37                           34-36

6. Deuteronomy 21:23 (quoted in Galatians 3:13 and alluded to in John 19:31)    37-38

7. Isaiah 7:14 (quoted in Matthew 1:23 and alluded to in Luke 1:35)                       39-56

8. Isaiah 9:6 (not referred to because of the LXX translation)                                   57-65

9.Isaiah 45:23 (alluded to in Philippians 2:10-11 and Romans 14:11)                      66-70              

10. Isaiah 52:13-53:12 and the New Testament references                                        71-116

11. Micah 5:2 (quoted in Matthew 2:6)                                                                      117-125          

12. Zechariah 12:10 (quoted in John 19:37 and alluded to in Revelation 1:7)      126-135

13. Zechariah 13:7 (quoted in Mark 14:27 par)                                                          136-140          

14. Daniel 7:13 (alluded to in Mark 13:26 par; 14:62 par)                                         141-144

15. Daniel 9:24-27 not quoted in the New Testament                                                145-154          

16. Psalm 2 and the New Testament references                                                         155-163

17. Psalm 8 and the New Testament references                                                         164-169

18. Psalm 16:8-11 (quoted in Acts 2:25-28 and 13:35)                                              170-174                                  

19. Psalm 22 and the New Testament references                                                       175-184

20. Psalm 40:6-7 and Hebrews 10:5-9                                                                        185-191          

21. Psalm 69 and the New Testament references                                                       192-197          

22. Psalm 110 and the New Testament                                                                      198-209          

23. Psalm 118:22 (quoted in Mark 12:10 par and 1 Peter 2:7                                    210-217          

and alluded to in Acts 4:11) 

24.Isaiah 8:14-15 with Luke 20:18; 1 Peter 2:8; Romans 9:32-33; 10:11-12            218-223

Isaiah 8:17-18 with Hebrews 2:13; Isaiah 8:12-13 with 1 Peter 3:14-15

25. Isaiah 28:16 with 1 Peter 2:6 and Romans 9:33b                                                 224-225          

Appendixes

What Does a Christological Interpretation of OT Texts Look Like?                         226-246

Thirteen Principles of Interpretation

Origin of the Concept of a Future Messiah                                                                247-250

Stages in the Development of Messianic Expectations                                              251-253

Ten Jewish Arguments against Jesus being the Messiah                                           254-262

Passages Defending the Death and Resurrection of the Messiah                            263-264          

Bibliography                                                                                    265-275

Epistles of Peter

This file includes outlines, introductory material, and the theology of First Peter and Second Peter.

James Handouts

1. Structures or Outlines of James                             2-7

2. Genre of James                                                          8-9

3. Theological Foundation of James’ Ethic               10-12

4. Jewish Audience                                                        13

5. Provenance                                                                14-16

6. Dating                                                                        17-18

7. Authorship                                                                19-26

8. James 1:2-15                                                              27-41

9. James 1:16-27                                                            42-48

10. James 2:1-13                                                             49-57

11. James 2:14-26                                                           58-64

12. James 3:1-12                                                              65-75

13. James 3:13-4:10 (12)                                                 76-85

14. James 4:13-5:6                                                            86-94

15. James 5:7-20                                                            95-100

16. James as a Theologian                                              101-105

17. James as a Moral Theologian                                  106-119

18. James as an Apologist                                             110-112

19. James as a Literary Writer                                       113-115

Hymns in the New Testament

   1. Adoration Hymns: especially the flow of hymnic pieces in Revelation 4-5

            (a call to worship is followed by person to person worship and doxologies)

            Characteristics:

   2. Teaching Hymns in the New Testament

            a. Col. 1:15-20            Christological Hymn: Creation and New Creation

            b. John 1:1-18             Salvation History Hymn

            c. Phil. 2:6-11              Christological Hymn: Humiliation and Exaltation

            d. Eph. 1:3-14             Hymn to the Trinity

            e. 1 Timothy 3:16        Confession of Faith / Ascension Hymn: The Mystery Revealed

            f. Luke 1:46-55           God’s Attributes and Actions

            g. 1 Cor. 13:4-7           Hymn of Love

Political Readings of the New Testament regarding Empire

The emphasis on empire in the NT is evaluated.

The NT books are examined for political interpretations.

Jewish Parties at the Time of Jesus

General Description of the Jewish Parties at the Time of Jesus    1-2

The Pharisees                                                                                    3-19

The Sadducees                                                                                  20-24

The Essenes                                                                                          25-28

The Zealots                                                                                       29-31

Jesus Attitude toward the various Parties                                  32-33

The Scribes                                                                                       34

The Highpriests                                                                                35

The Herodians                                                                                  36

The Elders                                                                                         37

The God-fearers                                                                                38

Heresies                                                                                            39

Hillel and Shammai                                                                         40

Mark Class Notes

1. The Reception of Mark’s Gospel in Church History                                              2-5

2. Fitting Jesus in with Contemporary Figures                                                           6

3. The Sea Calming Journey with Jesus’ Sleeping (4:35-41)                                      7-17

4. The Sea Walking Trip                                                                                             18-33

5. Mark 8:11-21 Difficulty of Interpretation                                                              34-41

6. Mark 8:22-26 Blind Man at Bethsaida                                                      42-49

7. The Transfiguration Account and the Healing of the Epileptic                              50-52

8. Mark 1:40-45: The Cleansing of the Leper                                                             53-54

9. Mark 5:21-43 Two Connected Healings                                                                 55-58

10. Preaching Mark 13                                                                                                59

11. Relationship between Mark and Matthew                                                            60-75